A Computer Model for Cyclic Activity of Strong Earthquakes in Continental Seismic Zones     

Zhang Guomin  Geng Lumin  and Shi YaolinCenter for Analysis  Prediction  Beijing  China  'Graduate School  Academia Sinica  Beijing  China 《中国地震研究》1995,(1)

Based on the study of activity of earthquakes with M**********>7.0 in mainland China,we have found a dynamic pattern,i.e.,the cyclic characteristics in time and migration from one seismic zone to another in space.In order to understand the physical mechanism of this pattern,we use a nonlinear dynamic model to simulate the seismic activity in fault zones under a unified tectonic stress field.The basic elements in our model consist of a Maxwell body and a rigid sliding block.Basic elements in a column represent a fault,and coupling elements connecting different columns simulate the interaction among faults and fault segments.The results provide insights to the cyclic activity of strong earthquakes and to the feature of mutual influence between strong earthquakes in groups in the climax of seismic activity.  相似文献   

第四纪时期地壳块体相对运动的古地磁记录的初步研究─-以陇西和鄂尔多斯块体相对运动为例   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

刘爱国  卢演俦  丁国瑜 《地震地质》1995,17(4):397

为了探讨用古地磁方法确定第四纪时期地壳块体相对运动状况，选择了分别处于陇西块体和鄂尔多斯块体内的兰州九州台和陕西洛川两个黄土剖面作为实验对象。在这两个黄土剖面的４个相同年代的层位采集定向大样，作黄土沉积剩余磁化矢量测量，并用虚磁极法拟合，初步结果表明，约１１０万ａ来陇西块体相对于鄂尔多斯块体作顺时针旋转，其转动量达９．０±４．７°  相似文献   

金厂峪金矿床地质特征及成因探讨     

唐国英 《华东地质学院学报》1987,(1)

本文研究了金厂峪金矿太古代斜长角闪岩中构造岩的特征和分布特点;根据片岩带内存在纯片岩地段、片岩带内有岩墙和两种含金脉体地段所呈现的无对称分带性、岩墙和脉体的接触关系,论述了断裂构造性质、控矿作用、热液充填期次、成矿时代;指出产于斜长角闪岩中的金矿床,并非都形成于太古代,在冀东燕山准地槽内应注意燕山期成矿作用。  相似文献   

硬壳覆盖条件下土壤冻融期水盐运动规律研究   总被引：23，自引：4，他引：19  

李伟强  雷玉平  张秀梅  田魁祥 《冰川冻土》2001,23(3):251-257

采用大田试验,研究了水泥硬壳覆盖后冻融期土壤温度、水分、盐分的变化规律,采用室内土柱试验,研究了冻融交替时期土壤中的水盐运动规律,试验表明,土壤水泥硬壳覆盖后土壤的冻结时间减少,冻结深度变浅;明显抑制土壤水分的无效蒸发;明显抑制土壤在融冻时期的土壤返盐,同时由于“冻层滞水”在春季的融化,有淋洗表层土壤盐分的作用,使土壤表层脱盐,土柱脱融试验进一步说明,土壤经冻融过程后,土壤中的水盐发生了重新分布。  相似文献   

The Neopleistocene of North European Russia: Stratigraphy,paleogeography, and paleoclimate     

L. N. Andreicheva  T. I. Marchenko-Vagapova 《Stratigraphy and Geological Correlation》2007,15(4):421-436

The Pleistocene sediments of North European Russia have been studied using different methods to establish their composition and identify the enclosed organic remains. The results obtained elucidate natural climatic environments of the Pleistocene and corresponding sedimentation cycles and development stages. Glaciation centers are identified for different Pleistocene epochs based on lithological criteria. The established secular trends characterizing spatial distribution and composition of different-age glacial horizons facilitate their regional correlation. Climatic conditions and paleogeographic settings of sedimentation during interglacial epochs of the middle-late Pleistocene and Holocene are reconstructed. Variations in development of vegetation, temperature, and humidity are detected for the first time in the Timan-Pechora-Vychegda, Arkhangel’sk and Vologda regions with parallel coordination of obtained data. As is concluded, there was a tendency of climate cooling in North European Russia during the Neopleistocene.  相似文献   

扬子地块西南缘大面积低温成矿时代   总被引：36，自引：5，他引：36  

胡瑞忠  彭建堂  马东升  苏文超  施春华  毕献武  涂光炽 《矿床地质》2007,26(6):583-596

中国西南地区(川、滇、黔、桂、湘)发育有世界上很典型的低温成矿域,其面积之大(约90万km2)、包含的矿种之多(Au、Hg、Sb、As、P、Pb-Zn、U、Ni-Mo-PGE、重晶石、冰州石和分散元素等)、矿床组成和组合之复杂,在全球十分鲜见。扬子地块西南缘是中国西南大面积低温成矿域的重要组成部分。近年来,作者采用Rb-Sr、Sm-Nd、Ar-Ar等多种同位素定年方法,对扬子地块西南缘产出的磷矿、金矿、锑矿等低温矿床的成矿时代进行了较系统的研究。文章总结了这些研究成果,并结合前人的资料,初步拟定出该区存在三期大规模低温成矿作用,它们分别相当于晚元古代—早古生代(晚震旦世—早寒武世)、晚加里东期(晚志留世—早泥盆地)和燕山期(晚侏罗世—中白垩世)。该区的磷矿、重晶石矿和黑色页岩中的镍钼铂矿主要形成于晚元古代—早古生代,同位素年龄主要为585～540Ma;赋存于前寒武纪浅变质碎屑岩中的金-锑-钨矿床主要形成于晚加里东期,同位素年龄主要为435～380Ma;产于寒武系以后地层中的锑矿床主要是在中燕山期成矿,同位素年龄主要为160～140Ma;而该区的卡林型金矿和汞矿主要在燕山中晚期大规模成矿,同位素年龄主要为170～80Ma。  相似文献   

Late Quaternary-Holocene lake-level changes in the eastern margin of the Thar Desert,India     

Hema Achyuthan  Amal Kar  Chris Eastoe 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2007,38(4):493-507

A study on two closed salt lake basins, Tal Chapar and Parihara in the eastern margin of the Thar Desert, Rajasthan, was carried out to unravel late Quaternary geomorphic evolution of these saline lakes. Both lakes are elliptical in shape bordered by stabilised dunes, and are oriented in a NE-SW direction, i.e., in the direction of the prevailing summer monsoon wind. Both lakes have been formed in the wind-shadow zones of isolated hills of Precambrian quartzite. Our study indicates that the late Quaternary sediments in the lakes began with the cyclic deposition of laminated fine silt layers (0.5 m thick), rich in organic matter, alternating with ripple cross-bedded sand layers (each ∼1.5–2 m thick). Sand layers that are moderately sorted are separated by laminated silt-clay layers with gypsum/calcite and this unit occurs in the upper most 4 m sequence in deeper sections. The presence of gypsum crystals within the laminated sediments suggests a high concentration of Ca in the inflowing water. At Parihara Lake the organic carbon-rich sediments at 95 cm depth was dated to 7,375 + 155/−150 year BP. At Tal Chapar radiocarbon dates of 7,190 + 155/−150 and 9,903 + 360/−350 was obtained from the sediments rich in organic carbon occurring at a depth of 1.35 m and 1.80 m, respectively. The study reveals strong hydrologic oscillations during the past ∼14,000 year BP (13,090 + 310/−300 year BP). Quaternary geomorphic processes, especially the strong aeolian processes during dry climatic phases, played a major role in the formation of the lake basins, as well as the fringing linear dunes. Geochemical and mineralogical analyses of the lacustrine sediments, supported by radiocarbon dates indicate the existence of an ephemeral lake earlier than ∼13,000 year BP as sediments began to be deposited in a lacustrine environment implying sustained runoff in the catchments. A freshwater lake formed between 9,000 year and 7,000 year BP. The lake dried periodically and this strong fluctuating regime continued until about ∼7,000 year BP. Mid-Holocene was wet and this was possibly due to higher winter rains A saline lake existed between 6,000 year and 1,300 year BP and finally present day semi arid conditions set in since 1,200 year BP. Remnants of a habitation site (hearth and charred bones) on stabilised dune at Devani near Tal Chapar were dated to 240 ± 120 year, while that at Gopalpura was dated to 335 ± 90 year. These historical sites on stabilised dunes were, according to the local accounts, settlements of people who used the lake brine for manufacturing salt.  相似文献   

气温变化对西峰黄土高原地温与梨树发育期的影响   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

郭江勇  林纾  马鹏里 《干旱区地理》2007,30(6):852-857

用西北地区140站1961-2000年的气温资料和西峰黄土高原1971-2005年5,10,15,20cm地温和1984-2005年梨树发育期资料,分析了西北地区春季、夏季、秋季、冬季和年气温的变化事实,再用相关计算和典型年份对比,分析了地温的时间变化规律及其对梨树发育期的影响。结果表明,西北地区20世纪60年代冬季增温,其余降温,70年代均降温,80年代冬季增温,其余降温,90年代均增温,冬季的最明显。西峰10cm地温各季节呈持续升高的趋势,春季增温最明显为0.058℃/a,变幅也最大,冬季增温幅度次之为0.039℃/a,再是秋季为0.032℃/a,夏季增温幅度最小为0.029℃/a,上升趋势均通过0.05和0.01的信度检验。冬季、春季地温与梨树的各发育期均为负相关,即地温高,发育期早,地温低,发育期迟。冬季地温与梨树发育期相关最显著的是叶变始期和开花始期,相关系数为-0.41～-0.52,信度为0.05,春季地温与之相关最显著的是开花始期,相关系数为-0.68～-0.69,信度达0.001。春季地温对梨树发育期的影响具有明显的持续性和滞后性,冬季地温对梨树发育期影响有阶段性,春季地温对梨树发育期的影响比冬季的明显。  相似文献   

胶东山丘区典型流域径流年内分配特征量化研究     

刘德林  刘贤赵  李嘉竹  宿庆 《山地学报》2007,25(3):295-301

采用M ann-Kendall法和最小方差法,对大沽夹河流域1966~2004年逐月实测径流数据进行均值变点分析。根据分析结果,将径流划分为水文变化特征相似的A(1966~1971年)、B(1972~1981年)、C(1982~1996年)、D(1997~2004年)4个时段。在此基础上借鉴年降水年内分配的向量法,提出了量化径流年内分配的集中度和集中期。结果表明:1.大沽夹河的不同水文年,其径流年内分配的特征不同。时段A集中度最小,时段D最大,4个时段变差系数为0.12。时段A和时段C的集中期比较接近,最大径流出现的时间均在7月下旬,时段B和时段D的集中期比较相似,最大径流出现的时间在8月中下旬。径流年内分配与降水年内分配两者呈显著正相关。2.用月径流量计算的集中度比径流年内不均匀系数具有更高的分辨能力和有效性,用月径流量计算的集中期对应的月份与月径流最大值出现的实际月份完全一致,径流集中度、集中期能够充分定量地表征径流在年内分配的非均匀性。  相似文献   

强地震附近视电阻率各向异性变化的原因   总被引：21，自引：2，他引：21       下载免费PDF全文

杜学彬  李宁  叶青  马占虎  闫睿 《地球物理学报》2007,50(6):1802-1810

讨论了强地震、孕震晚期阶段、震源区及附近介质的物理变化过程，证明了视电阻率变化最显著的方向与最大加载方向之间的正交关系，建立了真、视电阻率各向异性变化与裂隙率ν、骨架电阻率ρ_o、饱水裂隙电阻率ρ_f的本构关系，解释了视电阻率各向异性变化的原因.研究认为：在强地震孕震晚期阶段，在震源区及附近地壳近地表的较深部，介质微裂隙发育，其走向沿最大主压应力方位优势取向，低阻水充填微裂隙，导电通道连通，引起最大主压应力方向真电阻率变化最显著的真各向异性变化，从而产生垂直主压应力方向视电阻率变化最显著的视各向异性变化，低阻水在其物理过程中起了显著作用.  相似文献